Contaminated land investigation and risk assessment rely on systematic sampling and validated analytical methods. QC layers (blanks, duplicates, spikes and comparisons) protect data defensibility.

How labs support projects

• Method fitness: detection limits and matrix effects matched to decision thresholds.
• QC design: planned QC samples to demonstrate reliability.
• Traceable documentation: chain-of-custody and raw data retention for audits.

Align objectives and decision rules early and coordinate sampling and analysis plans with an accredited third-party lab.